Nikolaus von Schönberg

Nikolaus von Schönberg
Født	11. aug. 1472; Rothschönberg
Død	7. sep. 1537 (65 år); Roma
Beskjeftigelse	Katolsk prest, diplomat
Embete	Katolsk erkebiskop (1520–1536); kardinal (1535–) ;
	Nikolaus von Schönberg på Commons

Nikolaus von Schönberg (født 11. august 1472 i Schönberg i Sachsen, død 7. september 1537 i Roma) var en av den katolske kirkes kardinaler.

Liv og virke[rediger | rediger kilde]

Dominikaner[rediger | rediger kilde]

Han sluttet seg til dominikanerordenen etter å ha hørt Girolamo Savonarolas forkynnelse. I Firenze ble han promovert til Dr. theol., men studerte også matematikk, astronomi, medisin og geografi. Han talte en rekke språk og i sin ordens tjeneste reiste han rundt om mange steder i Europa. Han var prior i ordenens hus i Lucca, Siena og Firenze, og senere provinsial for Det Hellige Land. Fra Jerusalem og Det osmanske rike kom han i 1508 til Roma for der å tjene pave Julius II. Som prefessor for La Sapienza i Roma holdt han taler som ble publisert i 1512. Dessuten var han med på Femte Laterankonsil.

Erkebiskop, pavelig diplomat[rediger | rediger kilde]

Han var erkebiskop av Capua 1520–1535, men var stadig på pavelige oppdrag i Polen, Ungarn, Frankrike (Blois), Spania (Burgos) og England (London). Han var også nuntius til keiseren i 1529, og representerte tyske interesser ved Pavestolen under fire paver.

I 1533 holdt Schönbergs sekretær Johann Albrecht Widmannstetter en forelesningrekke i Roma og presenterta da Nikolaus Kopernikus' teorier, antagelig på grunnlag av es Commentariolus, som Kopernikus fra ca 1509 hadde gjort tilgjengelig for noen av sine bekjentskaper. Forelesningene ble møtt med stor interesse hos kardinaler og pave Klemens VII; venner og kolleger forsøkte ihedig den da 60-årige Kopernikus om å offentliggjøre det.

Kardinal[rediger | rediger kilde]

Han ble utnevnt til kardinal i mars 1535 av pave Paul III under hans andre konsistorium. Han var en ivrig forkjemper for kirkelig reform.

Den 1. november 1536 skrev kardinal von Schönberg et brev til Kopernikus og oppfordret ham innstendig om å offentliggjøre sin teori. Han tilbød seg å bekoste for trykk og utgivelse.^[1]. Schönberg instruerte Dietrich von Rheden om å gjøre jobben og sende ham regningen. Kopernikus lot sitt hovedverk De revolutionibus orbium coelestium offentliggjøre først i 1543, etter Schönbergs Tod død og kort før sin egen død, og gjengav i forordet Schönbergs brev ordrett^[2]^[3], engelsk oversettelse i fotnoten^[4].

I Pierre Gassendis Kopernikus-biografi fra året 1654 anføres kardinal Schönberg som en tidlig tilhenger av hans verdensbilde.

Referanser[rediger | rediger kilde]

^ Johann Christoph Gottsched: Gedächtnissrede auf den unsterblich verdienten Dom Herrn in Frauenberg, Nicolaus Copernicus, Leipzig 1743.
^ Nicolaus Coppernicus aus Thorn über die Kreisbewegungen der Weltkörper. Vorwort.
^ Ad lectorem de hypothesibus huius operis. 1543.
^ :Nicholas Schönberg, Cardinal of Capua,
to Nicolaus Copernicus, Greetings.

Some years ago word reached me concerning your proficiency, of which everybody constantly spoke. At that time I began to have a very high regard for you, and also to congratulate our contemporaries among whom you enjoyed such great prestige. For I had learned that you had not merely mastered the discoveries of the ancient astronomers uncommonly well but had also formulated a new cosmology. In it you maintain that the earth moves; that the sun occupies the lowest, and thus the central, place in the universe; that the eighth heaven remain perpetually motionless and fixed; and that, together with the elements included in its sphere, the moon, situated between the heavens of Mars and Venus, revolves around the sun in the period of a year. I have also learned that you have written an exposition of this whole system of astronomy, and have computed the planetary motions and set them down in tables, to the greatest admiration of all. Therefore with the utmost earnestness I entreat you, most learned sir, unless I inconvenience you, to communicate this discovery of yours to scholars, and at the earliest possible moment to send me your writings on the sphere of the universe together with the tables and whatever else you have that is relevant to this subject. Moreover, I have instructed Theodoric of Reden to have everything copied in your quarters at my expense and dispatched to me. If you gratify my desire in this matter, you will see that you are dealing with a man who is zealous for your reputation and eager to do justice to so fine a talent. Farewell.

Rome, 1 November 1536

Eksterne lenker[rediger | rediger kilde]

Biografi på The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church

[1] Johann Christoph Gottsched: Gedächtnissrede auf den unsterblich verdienten Dom Herrn in Frauenberg, Nicolaus Copernicus, Leipzig 1743.

[2] Nicolaus Coppernicus aus Thorn über die Kreisbewegungen der Weltkörper. Vorwort.

[3] Ad lectorem de hypothesibus huius operis. 1543.

[4] :Nicholas Schönberg, Cardinal of Capua,
to Nicolaus Copernicus, Greetings.

Some years ago word reached me concerning your proficiency, of which everybody constantly spoke. At that time I began to have a very high regard for you, and also to congratulate our contemporaries among whom you enjoyed such great prestige. For I had learned that you had not merely mastered the discoveries of the ancient astronomers uncommonly well but had also formulated a new cosmology. In it you maintain that the earth moves; that the sun occupies the lowest, and thus the central, place in the universe; that the eighth heaven remain perpetually motionless and fixed; and that, together with the elements included in its sphere, the moon, situated between the heavens of Mars and Venus, revolves around the sun in the period of a year. I have also learned that you have written an exposition of this whole system of astronomy, and have computed the planetary motions and set them down in tables, to the greatest admiration of all. Therefore with the utmost earnestness I entreat you, most learned sir, unless I inconvenience you, to communicate this discovery of yours to scholars, and at the earliest possible moment to send me your writings on the sphere of the universe together with the tables and whatever else you have that is relevant to this subject. Moreover, I have instructed Theodoric of Reden to have everything copied in your quarters at my expense and dispatched to me. If you gratify my desire in this matter, you will see that you are dealing with a man who is zealous for your reputation and eager to do justice to so fine a talent. Farewell.

Rome, 1 November 1536

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]