Supermakt

Kartskisse over verden i 1945. Ifølge professor William T.R. Fox, var det da tre supermakter: USA (blå), Sovjetunionen (rød), og Det britiske imperiet

Supermakt er et begrep som først ble brukt om USA, Sovjetunionen og Storbritannia.^[1] Uttrykket spilte på at supermaktene lå så langt foran andre nasjoner med hensyn til militærmakt og politisk innflytelse at de stilte i en klasse for seg selv.

Begrepet «supermakt» ble første gang benyttet i denne sammenhengen i 1930 i henhold til Oxford English Dictionary, men ble ikke primært brukt på USA og Sovjetunionen før den kalde krigen. Inntil 1920-årene ble begrepet benyttet for å beskrive elektrifisering og utvikling av transportnett.

Etter Sovjetunionens sammenbrudd har USA vært den eneste supermakten i verden. Selv om Kina har bygget seg opp som en stormakt hevder flere eksperter at USA i overskuelig tid vil fortsette å være i en stilling for seg selv.^[1]^[2]

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^ ^a ^b Marc Champion og Adrian Leung (30. august 2018). «Does China Have What It Takes to Be a Superpower?». bloomberg.com. Besøkt 26. desember 2021. «But being a regional great power isn’t the same as being a global superpower—a concept first used to describe the British Empire, the Soviet Union and the U.S.»
^ Taylor McNeil (21. november 2019). «Why the United States Is the Only Superpower». Tufts University. Besøkt 26. desember 2021. «This era is unique. The United States is much more powerful than past lead states. With 5 percent of the world’s population, the United States accounts for 25 percent of global wealth, 35 percent of world innovation, and 40 percent of global military spending. It is home to nearly 600 of the world’s 2,000 most profitable companies and fifty of the top 100 universities. It has sixty-eight formal allies, and it is the only country that can fight major wars beyond its home region, with 587 bases scattered across forty-two countries. Yale historian Paul Kennedy conducted a famous study comparing great powers over the past five hundred years and concluded: “Nothing has ever existed like this disparity of power; nothing.” The United States is, quite simply, “the greatest superpower ever.”»

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«1898: The Birth of a Superpower», United States Department of State
«Why the United States Is the Only Superpower»

[:0-1] Marc Champion og Adrian Leung (30. august 2018). «Does China Have What It Takes to Be a Superpower?». bloomberg.com. Besøkt 26. desember 2021. «But being a regional great power isn’t the same as being a global superpower—a concept first used to describe the British Empire, the Soviet Union and the U.S.»

[2] Taylor McNeil (21. november 2019). «Why the United States Is the Only Superpower». Tufts University. Besøkt 26. desember 2021. «This era is unique. The United States is much more powerful than past lead states. With 5 percent of the world’s population, the United States accounts for 25 percent of global wealth, 35 percent of world innovation, and 40 percent of global military spending. It is home to nearly 600 of the world’s 2,000 most profitable companies and fifty of the top 100 universities. It has sixty-eight formal allies, and it is the only country that can fight major wars beyond its home region, with 587 bases scattered across forty-two countries. Yale historian Paul Kennedy conducted a famous study comparing great powers over the past five hundred years and concluded: “Nothing has ever existed like this disparity of power; nothing.” The United States is, quite simply, “the greatest superpower ever.”»

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Supermakt

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