Pazyrykteppet

Pazyrykteppet er verdens eldste bevarte knyttede teppe, og anses å være fra 400-tallet f.Kr. Det ble funnet i en grav i Pazyrykdalen i Altaifjellene i det sørlige Sibir i 1947, og er nå utstilt i Eremitasjen i St. Petersburg.

Om teppet

Størrelse

Teppet er 180 cm bredt og 200 cm langt.^[1]

Teknikk og materiale

Teppet er håndknyttet av garn i fåreull.^[1] Knutene er symmetrisk knyttet, med 420 000 knuter per kvadratmeter.^[1]

Tekstilfargene

Våren 2021 kunngjorde forskere at nye analyser hadde gitt mer innsikt i hvordan ullen som teppet er tilvirket av, hadde blitt farget.^[2] Teppet har fortsatt svært klare og sterke farger, og forskerne har nå fastslått at teppet viser at allerede for 2500 år siden kjente man teknikken med å la fargebad gjære før ullen ble farget. Rødfargen i teppet ble fremstilt av fargestoffet alzarin, som var utvunnet av røttene av krapprot (rubia tinctorum), tilsatt aluminium.^[2] Denne rødfargen kalles også for krapprød.

Referanser

^ ^a ^b ^c «Pazyryk 2500 år (arkivert nettside)». web.archive.org. Föreningen Pazyryk. 26. september 2012. Arkivert fra originalen 26. september 2012. Besøkt 2. november 2021.
^ ^a ^b SABAH, DAILY (23. mars 2021). «Scientists solve mystery behind world's oldest 'Pazyryk' carpet». Daily Sabah (på engelsk). Besøkt 2. november 2021. «Researchers, including Professor Dr. Karl Meblinger from the Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology at FAU, and x-ray microscopy experts Dr. Andreas Späth and Prof. Dr. Rainer Fink from the Chair of Physical Chemistry II at FAU, analyzed the ancient rug by using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and came to the conclusion that a special dying technique, involving the fermentation of the sheep’s wool before it was dyed increased the brilliance and longevity of the color, according to the journal Scientific Reports. | The analysis was carried out at the Paul Scherrer Institute in Villegen, Switzerland, and mainly focused on red fool fibers, also known as the pigment “Turkey red,” which has been used by the people in Central Asia and the Far East. | The exclusive color is a metal-organic complex made of alizarin, obtained from the roots of the rose madder and aluminum, according to the research. | “This is by far the earliest example of the fermentation technique and provides an insight into the already highly-developed techniques used by textile craftsmen and women in the Iron Age,” Dr. Spath said.»

Eksterne lenker

Om mattan på den svenska föreningen Pazyryks webbplats (Arkivert nettside.)

[:0-1] «Pazyryk 2500 år (arkivert nettside)». web.archive.org. Föreningen Pazyryk. 26. september 2012. Arkivert fra originalen 26. september 2012. Besøkt 2. november 2021.

[:1-2] SABAH, DAILY (23. mars 2021). «Scientists solve mystery behind world's oldest 'Pazyryk' carpet». Daily Sabah (på engelsk). Besøkt 2. november 2021. «Researchers, including Professor Dr. Karl Meblinger from the Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology at FAU, and x-ray microscopy experts Dr. Andreas Späth and Prof. Dr. Rainer Fink from the Chair of Physical Chemistry II at FAU, analyzed the ancient rug by using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and came to the conclusion that a special dying technique, involving the fermentation of the sheep’s wool before it was dyed increased the brilliance and longevity of the color, according to the journal Scientific Reports. | The analysis was carried out at the Paul Scherrer Institute in Villegen, Switzerland, and mainly focused on red fool fibers, also known as the pigment “Turkey red,” which has been used by the people in Central Asia and the Far East. | The exclusive color is a metal-organic complex made of alizarin, obtained from the roots of the rose madder and aluminum, according to the research. | “This is by far the earliest example of the fermentation technique and provides an insight into the already highly-developed techniques used by textile craftsmen and women in the Iron Age,” Dr. Spath said.»

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