Liste over langtidsbivirkninger av antipsykotika

Dette er en generell liste over langtidsbivirkninger forbundet med antipsykotiske (nevroleptiske) legemidler.

Mange pasienter vil ikke utvikle alle disse bivirkningene, selv om det fortsatt er en betydelig risiko for forbundet med å bruke antipsykotiske legemidler.

Prosentandelen av pasienter som utvikler bivirkninger som tardive dyskinesier er betydelig høy og anslås til å være 20-50% prevalens.^[1]^[2]

Overpreskripsjon av antipsykotiske legemidler hos eldre med demens er betydelig til tross for bivirkninger. ^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]

Liste over potensielle langtidsbivirkninger[rediger | rediger kilde]

Alzheimers sykdom,^[7]^[8]
Akatisi
Anhedoni
Angst
Kognitiv svikt^[9]^[10]^[11]
Forverring av demens^[12]^[13]
Diabetes^[14]
Gynecomastia^[15]
Hyperglykemi
Hyperprolaktinemi forårsaker impotens hos menn.^[16]
Hyponatremia lav natriumnivå i blodet.
Metabolisk syndrom
Neuroleptikk-indusert defisitsyndrom
Malignt nevroleptikasyndrom
Okulogyrisk krise
Parkinson
Søvnighet
Tardive dyskinesier^[17]
Vektøkning^[18]

Det har vært en studie som tyder på at antipsykotiske midler er forbundet med mulig kortikal rekonfigurasjon og tap av grå substans i hjernen.^[19]

Se også[rediger | rediger kilde]

Antipsykotika
Psykiatri
Antipsykiatri

Referanser[rediger | rediger kilde]

^ Martha Rosenberg. «Drugmakers discover tardive dyskinesia. And they profit in it.».
^ Waln (12. juli 2013). «An Update on Tardive Dyskinesia: From Phenomenology to Treatment».
^ Gustafsson, Maria; Karlsson, Stig; Lövheim, Hugo (desember 2013). «Inappropriate long-term use of antipsychotic drugs is common among people with dementia living in specialized care units». BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology. 14 (1): 10. PMC 3575309 . PMID 23391323. doi:10.1186/2050-6511-14-10.
^ Jaffe, Ina (5. februar 2018). «Risky Antipsychotic Drugs Still Overprescribed In Nursing Homes». NPR.
^ Spielmans, Glen I. (25. februar 2015). «Atypical antipsychotics: overrated and overprescribed». The Pharmaceutical Journal.
^ «Antipsychotic overprescribing in people with learning disabilities».
^ Sultzer, David L.; Davis, Sonia M.; Tariot, Pierre N.; Dagerman, Karen S.; Lebowitz, Barry D.; Lyketsos, Constantine G.; Rosenheck, Robert A.; Hsiao, John K.; Lieberman, Jeffrey A.; Schneider, Lon S. (juli 2008). «Clinical Symptom Responses to Atypical Antipsychotic Medications in Alzheimer's Disease: Phase 1 Outcomes from the CATIE-AD Effectiveness Trial». The American Journal of Psychiatry. 165 (7): 844–854. PMC 2714365 . PMID 18519523. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.07111779.
^ Sultzer, David L.; Davis, Sonia M.; Tariot, Pierre N.; Dagerman, Karen S.; Lebowitz, Barry D.; Lyketsos, Constantine G.; Rosenheck, Robert A.; Hsiao, John K.; Lieberman, Jeffrey A.; Schneider, Lon S. (juli 2008). «Clinical Symptom Responses to Atypical Antipsychotic Medications in Alzheimer's Disease: Phase 1 Outcomes from the CATIE-AD Effectiveness Trial». The American Journal of Psychiatry. 165 (7): 844–854. PMC 2714365 . PMID 18519523. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.07111779.
^ Rehse, Michael; Bartolovic, Marina; Baum, Katlehn; Richter, Dagmar; Weisbrod, Matthias; Roesch-Ely, Daniela (2016). «Influence of Antipsychotic and Anticholinergic Loads on Cognitive Functions in Patients with Schizophrenia». Schizophrenia Research and Treatment. 2016: 1–10. PMC 4842070 . PMID 27144021. doi:10.1155/2016/8213165.
^ Tampi, Rajesh R.; Tampi, Deena J.; Balachandran, Silpa; Srinivasan, Shilpa (September 2016). «Antipsychotic use in dementia: a systematic review of benefits and risks from meta-analyses». Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease. 7 (5): 229–245. PMC 4994396 . PMID 27583123. doi:10.1177/2040622316658463.
^ MacKenzie, Nicole E.; Kowalchuk, Chantel; Agarwal, Sri Mahavir; Costa-Dookhan, Kenya A.; Caravaggio, Fernando; Gerretsen, Philip; Chintoh, Araba; Remington, Gary J.; Taylor, Valerie H.; Müeller, Daniel J.; Graff-Guerrero, Ariel; Hahn, Margaret K. (5. desember 2018). «Antipsychotics, Metabolic Adverse Effects, and Cognitive Function in Schizophrenia». Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9: 622. PMC 6290646 . PMID 30568606. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00622.
^ Mueller, Christoph; John, Christeena; Perera, Gayan; Aarsland, Dag; Ballard, Clive; Stewart, Robert (januar 2021). «Antipsychotic use in dementia: the relationship between neuropsychiatric symptom profiles and adverse outcomes». European Journal of Epidemiology. 36 (1): 89–101. PMC 7847435 . PMID 32415541. doi:10.1007/s10654-020-00643-2.
^ Steinberg, Martin; Lyketsos, Constantine G. (September 2012). «Atypical Antipsychotic Use in Patients with Dementia: Managing Safety Concerns». The American Journal of Psychiatry. 169 (9): 900–906. PMC 3516138 . PMID 22952071. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12030342.
^ Holt, Richard I. G. (oktober 2019). «Association Between Antipsychotic Medication Use and Diabetes». Current Diabetes Reports. 19 (10): 96. PMC 6718373 . PMID 31478094. doi:10.1007/s11892-019-1220-8.
^ Keskin, Necla; Tamam, Lut (22. september 2017). «Paliperidone-related gynecomastia and treatment: a case report». Dusunen Adam: The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences: 258–261. doi:10.5350/DAJPN2017300310.
^ Tewksbury, Ashley; Olander, Amy (1. juli 2016). «Management of antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia». Mental Health Clinician. 6 (4): 185–190. PMC 6007722 . PMID 29955468. doi:10.9740/mhc.2016.07.185.
^ Muller, Pavel; Seeman, Philip (1978). «Dopaminergic supersensitivity after neuroleptics: Time-course and specificity». Psychopharmacology. 60 (1): 1–11. PMID 32574. doi:10.1007/BF00429171.
^ Dayabandara, Madhubhashinee; Hanwella, Raveen; Ratnatunga, Suhashini; Seneviratne, Sudarshi; Suraweera, Chathurie; de Silva, Varuni (August 2017). «Antipsychotic-associated weight gain: management strategies and impact on treatment adherence». Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. 13: 2231–2241. PMC 5574691 . PMID 28883731. doi:10.2147/NDT.S113099.
^ Ho, Beng-Choon; Andreasen, Nancy C.; Ziebell, Steven; Pierson, Ronald; Magnotta, Vincent (7. februar 2011). «Long-term Antipsychotic Treatment and Brain Volumes: A Longitudinal Study of First-Episode Schizophrenia». Archives of General Psychiatry. 68 (2): 128–137. PMC 3476840 . PMID 21300943. doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.199.

[1] Martha Rosenberg. «Drugmakers discover tardive dyskinesia. And they profit in it.».

[2] Waln (12. juli 2013). «An Update on Tardive Dyskinesia: From Phenomenology to Treatment».

[3] Gustafsson, Maria; Karlsson, Stig; Lövheim, Hugo (desember 2013). «Inappropriate long-term use of antipsychotic drugs is common among people with dementia living in specialized care units». BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology. 14 (1): 10. PMC 3575309 . PMID 23391323. doi:10.1186/2050-6511-14-10.

[4] Jaffe, Ina (5. februar 2018). «Risky Antipsychotic Drugs Still Overprescribed In Nursing Homes». NPR.

[5] Spielmans, Glen I. (25. februar 2015). «Atypical antipsychotics: overrated and overprescribed». The Pharmaceutical Journal.

[6] «Antipsychotic overprescribing in people with learning disabilities».

[7] Sultzer, David L.; Davis, Sonia M.; Tariot, Pierre N.; Dagerman, Karen S.; Lebowitz, Barry D.; Lyketsos, Constantine G.; Rosenheck, Robert A.; Hsiao, John K.; Lieberman, Jeffrey A.; Schneider, Lon S. (juli 2008). «Clinical Symptom Responses to Atypical Antipsychotic Medications in Alzheimer's Disease: Phase 1 Outcomes from the CATIE-AD Effectiveness Trial». The American Journal of Psychiatry. 165 (7): 844–854. PMC 2714365 . PMID 18519523. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.07111779.

[8] Sultzer, David L.; Davis, Sonia M.; Tariot, Pierre N.; Dagerman, Karen S.; Lebowitz, Barry D.; Lyketsos, Constantine G.; Rosenheck, Robert A.; Hsiao, John K.; Lieberman, Jeffrey A.; Schneider, Lon S. (juli 2008). «Clinical Symptom Responses to Atypical Antipsychotic Medications in Alzheimer's Disease: Phase 1 Outcomes from the CATIE-AD Effectiveness Trial». The American Journal of Psychiatry. 165 (7): 844–854. PMC 2714365 . PMID 18519523. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.07111779.

[9] Rehse, Michael; Bartolovic, Marina; Baum, Katlehn; Richter, Dagmar; Weisbrod, Matthias; Roesch-Ely, Daniela (2016). «Influence of Antipsychotic and Anticholinergic Loads on Cognitive Functions in Patients with Schizophrenia». Schizophrenia Research and Treatment. 2016: 1–10. PMC 4842070 . PMID 27144021. doi:10.1155/2016/8213165.

[10] Tampi, Rajesh R.; Tampi, Deena J.; Balachandran, Silpa; Srinivasan, Shilpa (September 2016). «Antipsychotic use in dementia: a systematic review of benefits and risks from meta-analyses». Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease. 7 (5): 229–245. PMC 4994396 . PMID 27583123. doi:10.1177/2040622316658463.

[11] MacKenzie, Nicole E.; Kowalchuk, Chantel; Agarwal, Sri Mahavir; Costa-Dookhan, Kenya A.; Caravaggio, Fernando; Gerretsen, Philip; Chintoh, Araba; Remington, Gary J.; Taylor, Valerie H.; Müeller, Daniel J.; Graff-Guerrero, Ariel; Hahn, Margaret K. (5. desember 2018). «Antipsychotics, Metabolic Adverse Effects, and Cognitive Function in Schizophrenia». Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9: 622. PMC 6290646 . PMID 30568606. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00622.

[12] Mueller, Christoph; John, Christeena; Perera, Gayan; Aarsland, Dag; Ballard, Clive; Stewart, Robert (januar 2021). «Antipsychotic use in dementia: the relationship between neuropsychiatric symptom profiles and adverse outcomes». European Journal of Epidemiology. 36 (1): 89–101. PMC 7847435 . PMID 32415541. doi:10.1007/s10654-020-00643-2.

[13] Steinberg, Martin; Lyketsos, Constantine G. (September 2012). «Atypical Antipsychotic Use in Patients with Dementia: Managing Safety Concerns». The American Journal of Psychiatry. 169 (9): 900–906. PMC 3516138 . PMID 22952071. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12030342.

[14] Holt, Richard I. G. (oktober 2019). «Association Between Antipsychotic Medication Use and Diabetes». Current Diabetes Reports. 19 (10): 96. PMC 6718373 . PMID 31478094. doi:10.1007/s11892-019-1220-8.

[15] Keskin, Necla; Tamam, Lut (22. september 2017). «Paliperidone-related gynecomastia and treatment: a case report». Dusunen Adam: The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences: 258–261. doi:10.5350/DAJPN2017300310.

[16] Tewksbury, Ashley; Olander, Amy (1. juli 2016). «Management of antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia». Mental Health Clinician. 6 (4): 185–190. PMC 6007722 . PMID 29955468. doi:10.9740/mhc.2016.07.185.

[17] Muller, Pavel; Seeman, Philip (1978). «Dopaminergic supersensitivity after neuroleptics: Time-course and specificity». Psychopharmacology. 60 (1): 1–11. PMID 32574. doi:10.1007/BF00429171.

[18] Dayabandara, Madhubhashinee; Hanwella, Raveen; Ratnatunga, Suhashini; Seneviratne, Sudarshi; Suraweera, Chathurie; de Silva, Varuni (August 2017). «Antipsychotic-associated weight gain: management strategies and impact on treatment adherence». Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. 13: 2231–2241. PMC 5574691 . PMID 28883731. doi:10.2147/NDT.S113099.

[19] Ho, Beng-Choon; Andreasen, Nancy C.; Ziebell, Steven; Pierson, Ronald; Magnotta, Vincent (7. februar 2011). «Long-term Antipsychotic Treatment and Brain Volumes: A Longitudinal Study of First-Episode Schizophrenia». Archives of General Psychiatry. 68 (2): 128–137. PMC 3476840 . PMID 21300943. doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.199.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]