Bruker:F.bendik/Charles A. Levine: Forskjell mellom sideversjoner
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{{Redirect|Charles Levine|Television Producer Charles Michael Levine|Chuck Lorre}} |
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{{Infobox person |
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|name = Charles Albert Levine |
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|image = CharlesAlbertLevine 01.gif |
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|caption = Levine in 1927 |
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|birth_name = |
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|birth_date = 17 March 1897 |
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|birth_place = [[North Adams, Massachusetts]] |
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|death_date = {{Death date and age|1991|12|6|1897|3|17}} |
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|death_place = [[Washington, D.C.]] |
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|other_names = |
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|known_for = Transatlantic Flight |
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|spouse = Grace Nova Levine |
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|children = Eloyse Levine; and Ardith Levine Polley |
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<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Stultz and Levine after returning from Havana in 1928.jpg|thumb|Levine and [[Wilmer Stultz]] after returning from Havana in 1928]] --> |
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'''Charles Albert Levine''' (March 17, 1897 – December 6, 1991) was the first passenger aboard a [[transatlantic flight]].<ref name=obit>{{cite news |author=[[Wolfgang Saxon]] |coauthors= |title=Charles A. Levine, 94, Is Dead. First Transatlantic Air Passenger |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/18/us/charles-a-levine-94-is-dead-first-trans-atlantic-air-passenger.html |quote=Charles A. Levine, who became aviation’s first trans-Atlantic passenger in 1927 when he sponsored an attempt to beat Colonel Charles A. Lindbergh to Europe, died December 6 at Sibley Memorial Hospital in Washington. He was 94 years old and had moved to Washington from New York City this fall. |newspaper=[[New York Times]] |date=December 18, 1991 |accessdate=2011-11-14 }}</ref> He was ready to cross the Atlantic to claim the [[Orteig prize]] but a court battle over who was going to be in the airplane allowed [[Charles Lindbergh]] to leave first. |
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==Biography== |
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Levine was born on March 17, 1897, in [[North Adams, Massachusetts]]. He joined his father in selling scrap metal, later forming his own company buying and recycling [[World War I]] surplus brass shell casings.<ref name=obit/> By 1927, at age 30, he was a millionaire. |
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===Columbia Air Liners, and the record flights=== |
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Levine and [[Giuseppe Mario Bellanca]] formed the [[Columbia Aircraft Corp|Columbia Aircraft Company]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Giuseppe Mario "GM" Bellanca |url=http://www.friendsofbellanca.org/GMBellanca.htm|accessdate=17 November 2010}}</ref> Levine hired pilots [[Bert Acosta]], [[Eroll Boyd]], [[John Wycliff Isemann]], [[Burr Leyson]], and [[Roger Q. Williams]] at $200 a week to perform a series of publicity record attempts for the company.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Lindbergh of Canada: the Erroll Boyd story|author=[[Ross Smyth]]}}</ref> |
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Levine entered the competition for an [[Orteig prize]] for the first person to complete a nonstop flight from New York to Paris. His [[Bellanca]] designed prototype aircraft, named ''[[Wright-Bellanca WB-2 Columbia|Columbia]]'', was ready for weeks, The co-pilot for the effort, [[Lloyd W. Bertaud]], was displaced to accommodate Levine and went to court to be reinstated. Levine got the order lifted, but it was hours after [[Charles Lindbergh]], in the [[Spirit of St. Louis]], had left [[Roosevelt Field]] on [[Long Island]]. Levine's plane was still in its hangar at the same airport. Lindbergh won the prize on May 20, 1927. The following day Levine announced that his airplane would fly farther on a $15,000 transatlantic flight challenge from America to Germany and carry a passenger. The pilot was [[Clarence Chamberlin]], and Levine would be the passenger. In an oft-repeated situation, Levine told his wife he was just going up for a test flight. His lawyer notified her by a letter of his intentions after they took off and kept going.<ref>{{cite book|title=Conquest of the Atlantic: pioneer flights 1919-1939|author=Phil Munson}}</ref> On June 4, 1927 The Columbia took off on its transatlantic flight from America to [[Berlin, Germany]] with Levine, as the first passenger to cross the Atlantic in an airplane.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=The News Journal|title=Delaware's Flying Machines|author=RICK MULROONEY|date=October 14, 2009}}</ref> The Columbia did not reach Berlin, but landed 100 miles short in a field at [[Eisleben, Germany]]. The trip was 315 miles (507 km) and 9 hours and 6 minutes longer than Lindbergh's transatlantic crossing.<ref name="WB-2">{{cite web|title=WB-2|url=http://1000aircraftphotos.com/HistoryBriefs/WrightBellancaWB2.htm|accessdate=17 November 2010}}</ref> |
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Levine returned to the United States in September 1927, flown by Captain [[Walter G. R. Hinchliffe]] replacing Chamberlin. Before their departure, Levine and Hinchliffe appeared in a short film made at [[Clapham Studios]] in London made in the DeForest [[Phonofilm]] sound-on-film system.<ref>[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0490925/ ''Farewell Address by Mr. Levine and Capt. Hinchliffe Just Before Their Return Flight to America'' at IMDB]</ref> |
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Bertaud separately vowed to complete a transatlantic flight without Levine. In September 1927, Bertaud's Hearst-financed [[Fokker]] monoplane ''[[Old Glory (aircraft)|Old Glory]]'' crashed in the Atlantic on the attempt, killing Bertaud and the other two men on the flight.<ref>{{cite book|title=Aviation's great recruiter: Cleveland's Ed Packard|author=Herm L. Schreiner}}</ref> |
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While Levine was in Europe, [[Mabel Boll]] "the Queen of Diamonds" attempted to get Levine to fly her to America in the Columbia, which was in France following the record flight from New York. Levine had plans to fly it back to America with a French pilot, [[Maurice Drouhin]]. The flight to America was cancelled, Drouhin was owed a $4,000 cancellation fee,<ref>{{cite web|title=Yiddish Radio project-Charles Levine|url=http://yiddishradioproject.org/exhibits/levine/?content=photos&pg=1&photo_pg=9|accessdate=13 July 2011}}</ref> and had the Columbia guarded from leaving as a precaution. The inexperienced pilot Levine took off to England, claiming to the guards he was just testing the engine. Boll followed Levine to England by boat, talking Levine into letting her be a passenger. Just before the flight, Levine's new pilot Capt. Hinchcliffe, publicly refused to let Boll fly along. Boll was invited to try an east-west flight from America, and she set out for New York by boat in January 1928.<ref>{{cite book|title=East to the dawn: the life of Amelia Earhart|author=[[Susan Butler]]}}</ref> |
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In the summer of 1928 Levine purchased a customized long-range [[Junkers W 33]] for [[US$]]50,000, emblazoned "Queen of the Air" across the sides, for Boll's nickname. Plans were made for [[Bert Acosta]] to fly Boll and Levine from Paris to New York for a new record, which was changed to a London–New York attempt. The flight was never made.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Big Jump: Lindbergh and the Great Atlantic Air Race|author=Richard Bak}}</ref> "The Queen of the Air" Junkers was transported back to America, damaged, and resold to William Rody for another transatlantic attempt. |
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===Decline=== |
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After a series of bad business investments and losses in the [[stock market crash]] of 1929, Levine was sued by the federal government for a half-million dollars in back taxes. In 1930, his Columbia Air Liners Inc. built the "Uncle Sam," a large aircraft with range to fly around the globe. It performed poorly, logging only twelve flights. The "Uncle Sam" and two other company planes were auctioned off in 1931 for $3000 for back hangar rent. It was destroyed days later in a hangar fire with the instruments and engine removed beforehand.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=The Meriden Daily Journal|date=30 January 1931|title=Suspect Arson in Hangar Fire}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Lindbergh of Canada: the Erroll Boyd story|author=Ross Smyth}}</ref> Levine was already missing at the time of the auction with a warrant for his arrest alleging he had stolen stock.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=The Baltimore Sun|title= |
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LEVINE DISAPPEARS SOUGHT BY POLICE. Stormy Petrel Of Airways Wanted In Connection Alleged Stolen Stock WIFE ALSO VANISHES His Lawyer Notifies District Attorney He Is Unaware Of Client's Whereabouts|date=25 January 1931}}</ref> |
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In 1930, Levine was arrested in the company of Mabel Boll for attempting to purchase dies to produce counterfeit 2franc coins.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=The Washington Post|title=LEVINE TURNED OVER TO SUPERIOR COURT: May Be Released if French Declare Alleged Coinage Attempt Harmless. MABEL BOLL TO PARIS|accessdate=20 November 1930}}</ref> |
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Levine was arrested in 1932 on a charge of violating the [[Workmen's Compensation]] Law, and he received a [[suspended sentence]] but was arrested again in 1933 on a counterfeiting charge that was later dismissed. In 1934, after his release, he was charged with illegally smuggling a [[German-Jewish]] refugee from a [[Nazi concentration camps|Nazi concentration camp]] into the United States<ref name=obit/> and spent 150 days in jail. That same year, he attempted suicide with a gas range.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Rochester Evening Journal|date=12 September 1934}}</ref> He was the father of two children: Eloyse Levine; and Ardith Levine Polley, and he divorced their mother in 1935. In 1937 he was charged with smuggling 2,000 pounds of [[tungsten]] powder from Canada, and he served two years in federal prison, and was fined $5,000. In 1944, $209.56 was paid with the rest of the money still being owed to the court. The [[Assistant United States Attorney]] on November 18, 1958, deemed that the debt was not collectible, and the case was closed. |
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On December 6, 1991, Levine died at [[Sibley Memorial Hospital]] in [[Washington, D.C.]] age 94.<ref name=obit/> |
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==See also== |
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*[[Arthur Whitten Brown]] |
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*[[Transatlantic flight]] |
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==Further reading== |
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*Short film made in the DeForest [[Phonofilm]] [[sound-on-film]] process in which Capt. W. G. R. Hinchliffe (1894–1928) and Charles A. Levine (1897–1991) are interviewed at the Clapham Studios in London just before their return flight to the U.S. |
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*[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0490925/ ''Farewell Address by Mr. Levine and Capt. Hinchliffe Just Before Their Return Trip to America'' (1927) at the Internet Movie Database] |
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*[[Washington Post]]; [[Paris]], August 28, 1927 (Associated Press) The strain of the long wait at Le Bourget for good weather is beginning to have an effect on the nerves of the transatlantic fliers. A heated discussion between the French flier Drouhin and Charles Levine occurred today, and at one time it looked as if there would be another pugilistic encounter, which would have made Levine's record two on consecutive days. |
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*[[Los Angeles Times]]; December 18, 1938; Levine Convicted in Smuggling Case. New York, December 17, 1938. Charles A. Levine, first trans-Atlantic airplane passenger, was convicted today in Federal court of conspiracy and smuggling and concealing tungsten powder brought into this country from Canada. The maximum penalty is seven years' imprisonment and $15,000 fine. Judge Goddard granted a motion from Levine's release in bail of $2500 until Monday, when he will be sentenced. |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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*[http://richard.arthur.norton.googlepages.com/charleslevinebibliography Charles Albert Levine bibliography] |
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*[http://www.yiddishradioproject.org/exhibits/levine Yiddish Radio Project: Charles Levine] |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Levine, Charles Albert}} |
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[[Category:American businesspeople]] |
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[[Category:American Jews]] |
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[[Category:People from North Adams, Massachusetts]] |
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[[Category:1897 births]] |
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[[Category:1991 deaths]] |
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[[Category:American businesspeople convicted of crimes]] |
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[[Category:Businesspeople from Massachusetts]] |
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Sideversjonen fra 11. aug. 2017 kl. 11:58
| Charles Albert Levine | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Levine in 1927 | |||
| Født | 17 March 1897 North Adams, Massachusetts | ||
| Død | 6. desember 1991 (94 år) Washington, D.C. | ||
| Ektefelle | Grace Nova Levine | ||
| Barn | Eloyse Levine; and Ardith Levine Polley | ||
| Kjent for | Transatlantic Flight | ||
Charles Albert Levine (March 17, 1897 – December 6, 1991) was the first passenger aboard a transatlantic flight.[1] He was ready to cross the Atlantic to claim the Orteig prize but a court battle over who was going to be in the airplane allowed Charles Lindbergh to leave first.
Biography
Levine was born on March 17, 1897, in North Adams, Massachusetts. He joined his father in selling scrap metal, later forming his own company buying and recycling World War I surplus brass shell casings.[1] By 1927, at age 30, he was a millionaire.
Columbia Air Liners, and the record flights
Levine and Giuseppe Mario Bellanca formed the Columbia Aircraft Company.[2] Levine hired pilots Bert Acosta, Eroll Boyd, John Wycliff Isemann, Burr Leyson, and Roger Q. Williams at $200 a week to perform a series of publicity record attempts for the company.[3]
Levine entered the competition for an Orteig prize for the first person to complete a nonstop flight from New York to Paris. His Bellanca designed prototype aircraft, named Columbia, was ready for weeks, The co-pilot for the effort, Lloyd W. Bertaud, was displaced to accommodate Levine and went to court to be reinstated. Levine got the order lifted, but it was hours after Charles Lindbergh, in the Spirit of St. Louis, had left Roosevelt Field on Long Island. Levine's plane was still in its hangar at the same airport. Lindbergh won the prize on May 20, 1927. The following day Levine announced that his airplane would fly farther on a $15,000 transatlantic flight challenge from America to Germany and carry a passenger. The pilot was Clarence Chamberlin, and Levine would be the passenger. In an oft-repeated situation, Levine told his wife he was just going up for a test flight. His lawyer notified her by a letter of his intentions after they took off and kept going.[4] On June 4, 1927 The Columbia took off on its transatlantic flight from America to Berlin, Germany with Levine, as the first passenger to cross the Atlantic in an airplane.[5] The Columbia did not reach Berlin, but landed 100 miles short in a field at Eisleben, Germany. The trip was 315 miles (507 km) and 9 hours and 6 minutes longer than Lindbergh's transatlantic crossing.[6]
Levine returned to the United States in September 1927, flown by Captain Walter G. R. Hinchliffe replacing Chamberlin. Before their departure, Levine and Hinchliffe appeared in a short film made at Clapham Studios in London made in the DeForest Phonofilm sound-on-film system.[7]
Bertaud separately vowed to complete a transatlantic flight without Levine. In September 1927, Bertaud's Hearst-financed Fokker monoplane Old Glory crashed in the Atlantic on the attempt, killing Bertaud and the other two men on the flight.[8]
While Levine was in Europe, Mabel Boll "the Queen of Diamonds" attempted to get Levine to fly her to America in the Columbia, which was in France following the record flight from New York. Levine had plans to fly it back to America with a French pilot, Maurice Drouhin. The flight to America was cancelled, Drouhin was owed a $4,000 cancellation fee,[9] and had the Columbia guarded from leaving as a precaution. The inexperienced pilot Levine took off to England, claiming to the guards he was just testing the engine. Boll followed Levine to England by boat, talking Levine into letting her be a passenger. Just before the flight, Levine's new pilot Capt. Hinchcliffe, publicly refused to let Boll fly along. Boll was invited to try an east-west flight from America, and she set out for New York by boat in January 1928.[10]
In the summer of 1928 Levine purchased a customized long-range Junkers W 33 for US$50,000, emblazoned "Queen of the Air" across the sides, for Boll's nickname. Plans were made for Bert Acosta to fly Boll and Levine from Paris to New York for a new record, which was changed to a London–New York attempt. The flight was never made.[11] "The Queen of the Air" Junkers was transported back to America, damaged, and resold to William Rody for another transatlantic attempt.
Decline
After a series of bad business investments and losses in the stock market crash of 1929, Levine was sued by the federal government for a half-million dollars in back taxes. In 1930, his Columbia Air Liners Inc. built the "Uncle Sam," a large aircraft with range to fly around the globe. It performed poorly, logging only twelve flights. The "Uncle Sam" and two other company planes were auctioned off in 1931 for $3000 for back hangar rent. It was destroyed days later in a hangar fire with the instruments and engine removed beforehand.[12][13] Levine was already missing at the time of the auction with a warrant for his arrest alleging he had stolen stock.[14]
In 1930, Levine was arrested in the company of Mabel Boll for attempting to purchase dies to produce counterfeit 2franc coins.[15]
Levine was arrested in 1932 on a charge of violating the Workmen's Compensation Law, and he received a suspended sentence but was arrested again in 1933 on a counterfeiting charge that was later dismissed. In 1934, after his release, he was charged with illegally smuggling a German-Jewish refugee from a Nazi concentration camp into the United States[1] and spent 150 days in jail. That same year, he attempted suicide with a gas range.[16] He was the father of two children: Eloyse Levine; and Ardith Levine Polley, and he divorced their mother in 1935. In 1937 he was charged with smuggling 2,000 pounds of tungsten powder from Canada, and he served two years in federal prison, and was fined $5,000. In 1944, $209.56 was paid with the rest of the money still being owed to the court. The Assistant United States Attorney on November 18, 1958, deemed that the debt was not collectible, and the case was closed.
On December 6, 1991, Levine died at Sibley Memorial Hospital in Washington, D.C. age 94.[1]
See also
Further reading
- Short film made in the DeForest Phonofilm sound-on-film process in which Capt. W. G. R. Hinchliffe (1894–1928) and Charles A. Levine (1897–1991) are interviewed at the Clapham Studios in London just before their return flight to the U.S.
- Farewell Address by Mr. Levine and Capt. Hinchliffe Just Before Their Return Trip to America (1927) at the Internet Movie Database
- Washington Post; Paris, August 28, 1927 (Associated Press) The strain of the long wait at Le Bourget for good weather is beginning to have an effect on the nerves of the transatlantic fliers. A heated discussion between the French flier Drouhin and Charles Levine occurred today, and at one time it looked as if there would be another pugilistic encounter, which would have made Levine's record two on consecutive days.
- Los Angeles Times; December 18, 1938; Levine Convicted in Smuggling Case. New York, December 17, 1938. Charles A. Levine, first trans-Atlantic airplane passenger, was convicted today in Federal court of conspiracy and smuggling and concealing tungsten powder brought into this country from Canada. The maximum penalty is seven years' imprisonment and $15,000 fine. Judge Goddard granted a motion from Levine's release in bail of $2500 until Monday, when he will be sentenced.
References
- ^ a b c d Wolfgang Saxon (December 18, 1991). «Charles A. Levine, 94, Is Dead. First Transatlantic Air Passenger». New York Times. Besøkt 14. november 2011. «Charles A. Levine, who became aviation’s first trans-Atlantic passenger in 1927 when he sponsored an attempt to beat Colonel Charles A. Lindbergh to Europe, died December 6 at Sibley Memorial Hospital in Washington. He was 94 years old and had moved to Washington from New York City this fall.» Sjekk datoverdier i
|dato=(hjelp) - ^ «Giuseppe Mario "GM" Bellanca». Besøkt 17 November 2010. Sjekk datoverdier i
|besøksdato=(hjelp) - ^ Ross Smyth. The Lindbergh of Canada: the Erroll Boyd story.
- ^ Phil Munson. Conquest of the Atlantic: pioneer flights 1919-1939.
- ^ RICK MULROONEY (October 14, 2009). «Delaware's Flying Machines». The News Journal. Sjekk datoverdier i
|dato=(hjelp) - ^ «WB-2». Besøkt 17 November 2010. Sjekk datoverdier i
|besøksdato=(hjelp) - ^ Farewell Address by Mr. Levine and Capt. Hinchliffe Just Before Their Return Flight to America at IMDB
- ^ Herm L. Schreiner. Aviation's great recruiter: Cleveland's Ed Packard.
- ^ «Yiddish Radio project-Charles Levine». Besøkt 13 July 2011. Sjekk datoverdier i
|besøksdato=(hjelp) - ^ Susan Butler. East to the dawn: the life of Amelia Earhart.
- ^ Richard Bak. The Big Jump: Lindbergh and the Great Atlantic Air Race.
- ^ «Suspect Arson in Hangar Fire». The Meriden Daily Journal. 30 January 1931. Sjekk datoverdier i
|dato=(hjelp) - ^ Ross Smyth. The Lindbergh of Canada: the Erroll Boyd story.
- ^ «LEVINE DISAPPEARS SOUGHT BY POLICE. Stormy Petrel Of Airways Wanted In Connection Alleged Stolen Stock WIFE ALSO VANISHES His Lawyer Notifies District Attorney He Is Unaware Of Client's Whereabouts». The Baltimore Sun. 25 January 1931. Sjekk datoverdier i
|dato=(hjelp) - ^ «LEVINE TURNED OVER TO SUPERIOR COURT: May Be Released if French Declare Alleged Coinage Attempt Harmless. MABEL BOLL TO PARIS». The Washington Post. Sjekk datoverdier i
|besøksdato=(hjelp); - ^ Rochester Evening Journal. 12 September 1934. Sjekk datoverdier i
|dato=(hjelp);