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{{koord|51|30|59.537|N|0|4|51.668|W|type:landmark|vis=tittel}}


{{Infoboks skyskraper
{{Infoboks skyskraper
| navn = Salesforce Tower
| navn = Crystal Palace Transmitter
| undertekst =
| undertekst =
| bilde = Heron Tower, Bishopsgate, London.JPG
| bilde = Cp mast.jpg
| bildestørrelse =
| bildestørrelse =
| bildetekst =
| bildetekst =
| adresse = 110 Bishopgate
| adresse = Crystal Palace Parade
| sted = City of London
| sted = London Borough of Bromley
| bygget = 2011
| bygget = 1950
| formål = kontorer
| formål = tv-tårn
| høyde = 220
| høyde = 230<ref>[http://www.herontower.com/the-building/specifications Høyde, Heron Tower]</ref>
| etasjer =
| etasjer = 46<ref>[http://www.herontower.com/the-building/specifications Etasjer, Heron Tower]</ref>
| arkitekt =
| arkitekt = Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates<ref>[http://www.kpf.com/project.asp?S=1&ID=56 Heron Tower, Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates]</ref>
| eier = Arqiva
| eier = Heron International<ref>[http://www.heroninternational.co.uk/newdev/heron-tower Heron Tower, Heron International]</ref>
}}
}}


'''Crystal Palace Transmitter''' er et tv-tårn beliggende i bydelen [[Bromley (distrikt)|Bromley]] i det sørlige [[London]]. Tårnet sto ferdig i 1950 og er Londons femte høyeste byggverk. Crystal Palace Transmitter var Londons høyeste byggverk i mer enn 40 år, og er blitt kalt Londons [[Eiffeltårnet|Eiffeltårn]].<ref>[http://www.emporis.com/building/crystalpalacetransmitter-london-unitedkingdom Londons Eiffeltårn, Emporis]</ref>
'''Salesforce Tower''' er en skyskraper beliggende i City of London i det sentrale London. Fram til våren 2014 het bygningen Heron Tower. Salesforce Tower er Londons tredje høyeste bygg, og det høyeste i City of London.


28 March 1956 saw the official opening of the new Crystal Palace television station, designed to provide increased coverage to a large swathe of London and the south-east. Since the opening of the BBC Television Service, twenty years before, programmes had been broadcast across London from a transmitter on the iconic tower at Alexandra Palace.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p01ws74t Første sending, BBC]</ref>
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== Bakgrunn ==


The first transmission from Crystal Palace took place on 28 March 1956, when it succeeded the transmitter at Alexandra Palace where the BBC had started the world's first scheduled television service in September, 1936. In November 1956 the first colour test transmissions began from Crystal Palace relaying live pictures from the studios at Alexandra Palace after BBC TV had closed down for the night.<ref>[http://openbuildings.com/buildings/crystal-palace-transmitter-profile-35725 Første sending, Open Buildings]</ref>
Heron Properties kjøpte 110 Bishopsgate for å rive den eksisterende bygningen på tomten, og deretter bygge en helt ny skyskraper. Tomten er en av få som ikke har problemer med den beskyttede utsikten mot St Paul's Cathedral.<ref>[http://www.skyscrapernews.com/heron.htm 110 Bishopsgate, Skyscrapernews]</ref> Bortsett fra 30 St. Mary Axe (fullført 2004) var det ikke blitt foreslått høye bygninger i City of London siden 1988.<ref>[http://www.skyscrapernews.com/heron.htm Planprosessen, Skyscrapernews]</ref> City of London hadde tidligere vært skeptisk til skyskrapere, men fremveksten av det nye finansdistriktet i øst, Canary Wharf, bidro til at planleggingstillatelse ble gitt i 2001.<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1366312/Cathedral-anger-at-City-tower-plan.html Planleggingstillatelsen, The Telegraph, desember 2001]</ref> Søknaden ble oversendt ordførerens kontor for behandling i februar 2001.<ref>[http://legacy.london.gov.uk/view_press_release.jsp?releaseid=1324 Planleggingstillatelsen, Mayor of London, juli 2002]</ref> Daværende ordfører i London, Ken Livingstone, støttet prosjektet fullt ut. Opprinnelig var skyskraperen planlagt å bli 183 meter høy. Ifølge utviklerne ville dette bli City of Londons første "seks-stjerners" kontorbygg. English Heritage var kritiske til planene, blant annet på grunn av nærheten til St Paul's Cathedral, og krevde en offentlig høring.<ref>[http://www.engineeringsurveyor.com/heron_tower/ Planprosessen, Eningeering Surveyor]</ref><ref>[http://www.standard.co.uk/news/heron-tower-plan-gets-goahead-6327214.html Offentlig høring, London Evening Standard, juli 2002]</ref><ref>[http://www.origindesignstudio.co.uk/blog/london-skyline-series-heron-tower.html Offentlig høring, Origin Design Studio]</ref> Den offentlige høringen ble gjennomført i oktober-desember 2001.<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1366312/Cathedral-anger-at-City-tower-plan.html Offentlig høring, The Telegraph, desember 2001]</ref> Representanter for St Paul's Cathedral deltok ikke på høringen, men uttrykte senere skepsis til planene.<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1366312/Cathedral-anger-at-City-tower-plan.html Protester fra St Paul's, The Telegraph, desember 2001]</ref> Visestatsminister John Prescott ga grønt lys til prosjektet, som fikk endelig godkjenning i juli 2002.<ref>[http://www.engineeringsurveyor.com/heron_tower/ Endelig godkjenning, Eningeering Surveyor]</ref><ref>[http://legacy.london.gov.uk/view_press_release.jsp?releaseid=1324 Endelig byggetillatelse, Mayor of London, juli 2002]</ref>
<ref>[http://www.standard.co.uk/news/heron-tower-plan-gets-goahead-6327214.html Endelig byggetillatelse, London Evening Standard, juli 2002]</ref> I 2005 hadde byggearbeidene ennå ikke startet, og i september samme år søkte Heron Property om å få øke høyde på bygningen til 203 meter og en 40 meter mast på toppen. I januar 2006 ble de reviderte planene godkjent av City of London.<ref>[http://www.engineeringsurveyor.com/heron_tower/ Reviderte planer, Engineering Surveyor]</ref><ref>[http://www.origindesignstudio.co.uk/blog/london-skyline-series-heron-tower.html Reviderte planer, Origin Design Studio]</ref>


== Byggeprosessen ==


Broadcasting its first TV signal in 1956, the 719ft-high Crystal Palace transmitter has been nicknamed ‘South London’s Eiffel Tower’.
I mai 2006 begynte forberedende arbeider under de eksisterende bygningene, blant annet med omlegging av rør og kabler.<ref>[http://www.engineeringsurveyor.com/heron_tower/ Forberedende arbeider, Engineering Surveyor]</ref> Rivingen av flere eksisterende bygninger startet i juli 2007, og var forventet å ta om lag 16 måneder.<ref>[http://www.skyscrapernews.com/news.php?ref=1024 Rivearbeidene, Skyscrapernews, juli 2007]</ref><ref>[http://legacy.london.gov.uk/view_press_release.jsp?releaseid=1324 Rivearbeidene, Mayor of London, juli 2002]</ref> I oktober 2007 fikk Skanska oppdraget med å bygge Heron Tower. På dette tidspunkt var planen å starte byggearbeidene i januar 2008 og fullføre i første del av 2011.<ref>[http://www.skanska.co.uk/News--Press/Display-news/?nid=Bs2VTt33 Endelig byggekontrakt, Skanska, oktober 2007]</ref><ref>[http://www.skyscrapernews.com/news.php?ref=1181 Endelig byggekontrakt, Skyscrapernews, oktober 2007]</ref> I april 2008 var byggearbeidene kommet i gang, med byggingen av 25 store pilarer.<ref>[http://www.skyscrapernews.com/news.php?ref=1500 Byggearbeidene starter, Skyscrapernews, april 2008]</ref> Arbeidet med stålstrukturen startet i oktober 2008.<ref>[http://www.engineeringsurveyor.com/heron_tower/ Stålstrukturen, Engineering Surveyor]</ref> I april 2009 hadde stålkonstruksjonen nådd 13. etasje.<ref>[http://www.skyscrapernews.com/news.php?ref=2078 Stålrammen bygges, Skyscrapernews, april 2009]</ref> Arbeidet med fasadekledningen startet i mai 2009.<ref>[http://www.skyscrapernews.com/news.php?ref=2135 Fasadearbeidet, Skyscrapernews, mai 2009]</ref> I april 2010 var den ytre konstruksjonen ferdig,<ref>[http://www.skyscrapernews.com/news.php?ref=2509 Taket ferdig, Skyscrapernews, april 2010]</ref> og to måneder senere ble tårnet satt på plass. Den totale høyden på bygningen var nå 230 meter.<ref>[http://www.skyscrapernews.com/news.php?ref=2590 Masten, Skyscrapernews, juli 2010]</ref> I mars 2011 var Heron Tower ferdig og klar for innflytting.<ref>[http://www.skyscrapernews.com/news.php?ref=2813 Ferdigstillelsen, Skyscrapernews, mars 2011]</ref><ref>[http://www.skanska.co.uk/News--Press/Display-news/?nid=oHDvGnaA Ferdigstillelsen, Skanska, april 2011]</ref><ref>[http://www.skanska.co.uk/Projects/Project/?pid=733&plang=en-gb Ferdigstillelsen, Skanska]</ref>
And, despite being in rather less exclusive area than the Paris icon and strictly off-limits to tourists, Crystal Palace has possibly a greater importance than its 1,063ft rival..
Without it a fifth of Britons would have no TV.
There are 1,153 other television transmitters reaching 62 million people, from the Outer Hebrides to Bodmin Moor.
But Crystal Palace is the largest and most important.
It was from here that colour television first took flight in 1967, from here that HD television was transmitted for the first time in 2009.
The tower was built on the ruins of the original Crystal Palace, the Victorian exhibition centre which burned down in 1936.
The first transmission took place on March 28, 1956. It was initially only used experimentally, with the BBC’s main transmitter at Alexandra Palace.
The only terrestrial station in the pre-digital era that is didn’t transmit was Channel 5. But now, using coded UHF signals, it can transmit every digital channel.
which reaches a fifth of the country's TV sets all by itself<ref>[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2131872/Digital-switchover-Crystal-Palace-transmitter-lights-night-sky-broadcasts-analogue-signal-time.html Crystal Palace Transmitter, Daily Mail, april 2012]</ref>


== Skyskraperen ==


Salesforce Tower har et totalt gulvareal på 42 873 kvadratmeter, fordelt på kontorer, restauranter og butikker.<ref>[http://www.herontower.com/the-building/schedule-of-areas Gulvareal, Heron Tower]</ref> 10 "landsbyer" på tre etasjer og en på seks etasjer, alle med atrium, danner kontorlokalene.<ref>[http://www.herontower.com/the-building/villages Landsbyene, Heron Tower]</ref> Etasjene 2-37 blir brukt til kontorer.<ref>[http://www.herontower.com/the-building/full-schedule-and-floorplans Kontoretasjer, Heron Tower]</ref> Tre restauranter finnes i bygningen: The Drift, Duck & Waffle og Sushimba.<ref>[http://www.herontower.com/restaurants Restaurantene, Heron Tower]</ref>


[[File:Crystal Palace Transmitting Station at Night.jpg|thumbnail|right|200px|Tårnet om natten.]]
Salesforce Tower har vunnet flere priser.

* MIPIM Architectural Review Future Projects Awards, Commendation/Tall Buildings Category (2008)
* BCO London + South East Award - Best Commercial Workplace (2012)
* BCO National Award - Best Commercial Workplace (2012)<ref>[http://www.kpf.com/project.asp?S=1&ID=56 Priser, Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates]</ref>

Våren 2014 ble Salesforce største leietaker. I den forbindelse ble navnet på bygningen endret fra Heron Tower til Salesforce Tower.<ref>[http://uk.reuters.com/article/2014/05/22/uk-britain-herontower-idUKKBN0E21RR20140522 Navneskiftet, UK Reuters, mai 2014]</ref><ref>[http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-05-22/london-s-heron-to-be-renamed-salesforce-tower-after-leasing-deal.html Navneskiftet, Bloomberg, mai 2014]</ref>


[[File:Canary Wharf at night, from Shadwell cropped.jpg|thumbnail|right|100px|Canary Wharf.]]


== Referanser ==
== Referanser ==
Linje 48: Linje 43:
== Eksterne nettsteder ==
== Eksterne nettsteder ==


* [http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/london/crystal-palace-transmitter/12012/ Crystal Palace Transmitter, Skyscrapercenter]
* [http://www.herontower.com Heron Tower, offisielt nettsted]
* [http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/london/salesforce-tower/966 Salesforce Tower, Skyscrapercenter]
* [http://www.skyscrapernews.com/buildings.php?id=4359 Crystal Palace Transmitter, Skyscrapernews]
* [http://www.emporis.com/building/salesforce-tower-london-london-united-kingdom Salesforce Tower, Emporis]
* [http://www.emporis.com/building/crystalpalacetransmitter-london-unitedkingdom Crystal Palace Transmitter, Emporis]
* [http://structurae.net/structures/data/index.cfm?ID=s0016652 Crystal Palace Transmitter, Structurae]
* [http://www.skyscrapernews.com/buildings.php?id=59 Heron Tower, Skyscrapernews]
* [http://www.thebigtower.com/live/CrystalPalace/Index.htm Crystal Palace Transmitter, The Big Tower]

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== Se også ==

[[Liste over Londons høyeste byggverk]]

Sideversjonen fra 8. jun. 2014 kl. 12:54

Crystal Palace Transmitter
AdresseCrystal Palace Parade
StedLondon Borough of Bromley
Bygget1950
Formåltv-tårn
Høyde220
Eier(e)Arqiva
Eier(e)Arqiva

Crystal Palace Transmitter er et tv-tårn beliggende i bydelen Bromley i det sørlige London. Tårnet sto ferdig i 1950 og er Londons femte høyeste byggverk. Crystal Palace Transmitter var Londons høyeste byggverk i mer enn 40 år, og er blitt kalt Londons Eiffeltårn.[1]

28 March 1956 saw the official opening of the new Crystal Palace television station, designed to provide increased coverage to a large swathe of London and the south-east. Since the opening of the BBC Television Service, twenty years before, programmes had been broadcast across London from a transmitter on the iconic tower at Alexandra Palace.[2]

The first transmission from Crystal Palace took place on 28 March 1956, when it succeeded the transmitter at Alexandra Palace where the BBC had started the world's first scheduled television service in September, 1936. In November 1956 the first colour test transmissions began from Crystal Palace relaying live pictures from the studios at Alexandra Palace after BBC TV had closed down for the night.[3]


Broadcasting its first TV signal in 1956, the 719ft-high Crystal Palace transmitter has been nicknamed ‘South London’s Eiffel Tower’. And, despite being in rather less exclusive area than the Paris icon and strictly off-limits to tourists, Crystal Palace has possibly a greater importance than its 1,063ft rival.. Without it a fifth of Britons would have no TV. There are 1,153 other television transmitters reaching 62 million people, from the Outer Hebrides to Bodmin Moor. But Crystal Palace is the largest and most important. It was from here that colour television first took flight in 1967, from here that HD television was transmitted for the first time in 2009. The tower was built on the ruins of the original Crystal Palace, the Victorian exhibition centre which burned down in 1936. The first transmission took place on March 28, 1956. It was initially only used experimentally, with the BBC’s main transmitter at Alexandra Palace. The only terrestrial station in the pre-digital era that is didn’t transmit was Channel 5. But now, using coded UHF signals, it can transmit every digital channel. which reaches a fifth of the country's TV sets all by itself[4]


Tårnet om natten.

Referanser

  1. ^ Londons Eiffeltårn, Emporis
  2. ^ Første sending, BBC
  3. ^ Første sending, Open Buildings
  4. ^ Crystal Palace Transmitter, Daily Mail, april 2012

Eksterne nettsteder

Se også

Liste over Londons høyeste byggverk

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