English: The Duchy of Massa and Carrara and the Marquisate of Fosdinovo shown on an early 18th-century Latin language map. Although they appear enclosed by a single yellow line of frontier, Fosdinovo and Massa-Carrara, which bordered the eastern end of the Republic of Genoa (in red), were independent fiefdoms (from each other as well), ruled by the Malaspina family and the collateral Cybo-Malaspina branch throughout the 17th and 18th century. The narrow band of territory between the Duchy of Massa and the Medici Captaincy of Pietrasanta was in fact a true exclave of the Republic of Lucca centred in the village of Montignoso and its fortress. The Duchy of Massa and the Duchy of Modena bordered each other for a short stretch, through which the connecting mountain road called Via Vandelli was built in the mid-eighteenth century.
Cropped from a map by Johann Baptist Homann titled Status Republicae Genuensis. Published between 1715 and 1730.