Diskusjon:Nødlanding (fly)

Jeg er usikker på begrepet fremtvunget landing (forced landing) men har ikke bedre forslag nå. Reodor 13. mai 2009 kl. 01:37 (CEST)

Flytter det hittil uoversatte hit for senere arbeide.Reodor 14. mai 2009 kl. 16:18 (CEST)

UNDER OVERSETTELSE.

Notable examples of emergency landings

Large airliners have multiple engines and redundant systems, so forced landings are extremely rare for them, but some notable ones have occurred. The most famous example is the Gimli Glider, an Air Canada Boeing 767 that ran out of fuel and glided to a safe landing in Gimli, Manitoba, Canada on July 23 1983. On June 1982, British Airways Flight 9, a Boeing 747 en route from Kuala Lumpur to Perth lost power in all four engines, three of which subsequently recovered, eventually diverting to Jakarta. On April 28, 1988, Aloha Airlines Flight 243 experienced an explosive decompression mid-flight, forcing an emergency landing at the Kahului Airport with only one casualty, flight attendant Clarabell "C.B." Lansing. More recently, Air Transat Flight 236 ran out of fuel over the Atlantic Ocean on August 24 2001 and made a successful forced landing in the Azores.

A less successful crash landing involved Southern Airways Flight 242 on April 4 1977. The DC-9 lost both of its engines due to hail and heavy rain in a thunderstorm and, unable to glide to an airport, made a forced landing on a highway near New Hope, Georgia, United States. The plane made a hard landing and was still carrying a large amount of fuel, so it burst into flames, killing the majority of the passengers and several people on the ground.

Airliners frequently make emergency landings, and almost all of them are uneventful. However because of their inherent uncertain nature, they can quickly become crash landings or worse. Some notable instances include Swissair Flight 111, which crashed near Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada on September 2 1998 while dumping fuel in preparation for a precautionary landing due to fire; United Airlines Flight 232, which broke up while landing at Sioux City, Iowa, U.S.A. on July 19 1989; and Air Canada Flight 797, which burned after landing at Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport on June 2 1983 after a fire started in the cabin.

On January 17 2008, British Airways Flight 38, a Boeing 777 crashed while attempting to land at London Heathrow Airport, England. The plane came down too early and passed just a few hundred feet over the houses before the runway. The plane crash landed and skidded, eventually stopping just on the runway, creating a large, visible skid mark for some 400m before the runway. Thirteen people sustained minor injuries as the plane collapsed after the front landing gear came off.

On 23rd March 2009, FedEx Express Flight 80 made an emergency crash landing at Narita International Airport in Narita, Japan. Both the pilot and his copilot died from the tragedy. This event marks the first fatal accident for both FedEx and the airport itself.

Emergency water landings

Utdypende artikkel: Water landing

US Airways Flight 1549 after ditching in the Hudson River

Eight intentional passenger (cargo) airliner ditchings have been documented. These figures are for intentional water ditchings, usually as a result of in-flight fuel depletion, rather than an accidental overshoot of landing runway into a body of water. The following figures show survival rates for passengers and crew:

• US Airways Flight 1549, Airbus A320, New York City to Charlotte/Douglas International Airport, 15 January 2009, made a controlled safe water ditch into the Hudson River after losing thrust in both engines due to birdstrike at about 3000 feet altitude three minutes into the flight after a normal takeoff from LaGuardia Airport; 155 passengers and crew made an orderly evacuation as a NYC fireboat towed the floating aircraft with passengers standing on the wing, 100% survival rate
• Tuninter Flight 1153 , August 6, 2005, off the coast of Sicily, 39 occupants, 23 survivors, 59% survival rate
• Miami Air Lease Convair CV-340, December 4, 2004, Mall lake, Florida, 2 occupants, 2 survivors, 100% survival rate
• Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961, November 23, 1996, off the Comoros Islands, 175 occupants, 45 survivors, 26% survival rate
• ALM DC9, May 2, 1970, the Caribbean, 63 occupants, 40 survivors, 63% survival rate
• Aeroflot Tupolev 124 ditching in Neva river, October, 1963, narrowly missed a tugboat which sped to plane, cast a line and towed it to shallow waters, where the occupants were deboarded onto tug, 52 occupants, 52 survivors, 100% survival rate
• Pan Am Flight 943 Boeing Stratocruiser "Sovereign of the Skies", October 16, 1956, in the Pacific between Honolulu and San Francisco, 30 passengers and crew, 30 survivors, 100% survival rate
• Northwest Orient Airlines Flight 2, Boeing Stratocruiser, April 2, 1956, ditched in the 430 feet Puget Sound, 38 passengers, all survived the ditching but 5 could not recover from the freezing waters, 87% survival rate.
• Sept. 28, 1962, Flying Tiger's Super H Constellation passenger aircraft with a crew of 8 and 68 U.S. military (paratrooper) passengers ditched in the North Atlantic about 500 miles west of Shannon, Ireland after losing three engines on a flight to Frankfurt, Germany. 45 of the passengers and 3 crew were rescued, with 23 passengers and 5 crew members being lost in the storm-swept seas. All passengers successfully evacuated the airplane. Those who were lost succumbed in the rough seas. 100% survival rate for landing and evacuation.