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⚫
The Andromeda Galaxy is the most massive galaxy in the Local Group as well.<ref name="Jorge Peñarrubia2014"/> Despite earlier findings that suggested that the Milky Way contains more [[dark matter]] and could be the most massive in the grouping,<ref name="DarkMatter" /> the 2006 observations by the [[Spitzer Space Telescope]] revealed that Andromeda contains [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1012|one trillion (10<sup>12</sup>)]] stars:<ref name="trillion-stars" /> at least twice the number of stars in the Milky Way, which is estimated to be 200–400 billion.<ref name="Frommert & Kronberg 2005" />
The Andromeda Galaxy is the most massive galaxy in the Local Group as well.<ref name="Jorge Peñarrubia2014">{{cite journal
⚫
| author=Jorge Peñarrubia, Yin-Zhe Ma, Matthew G. Walker, Alan McConnachie
⚫
| title=A dynamical model of the local cosmic expansion
⚫
| journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
| volume=433
| issue=3
⚫
| pages=2204–2022
⚫
| bibcode= 2014MNRAS.443.2204P
⚫
| doi=10.1093/mnras/stu879|arxiv = 1405.0306 }}</ref> Despite earlier findings that suggested that the Milky Way contains more [[dark matter]] and could be the most massive in the grouping,<ref name="DarkMatter" /> the 2006 observations by the [[Spitzer Space Telescope]] revealed that Andromeda contains [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1012|one trillion (10<sup>12</sup>)]] stars:<ref name="trillion-stars" /> at least twice the number of stars in the Milky Way, which is estimated to be 200–400 billion.<ref name="Frommert & Kronberg 2005" />


The Andromeda Galaxy is estimated to be 1.5{{e|12}} [[solar mass]]es,<ref name="Jorge Peñarrubia2014"/> while the mass of the Milky Way is estimated to be 8.5{{e|11}} solar masses. In comparison, a 2009 study estimated that the Milky Way and M31 are about equal in mass,<ref name="CfA" /> while a 2006 study put the mass of the Milky Way at ~80% of the mass of the Andromeda Galaxy. The Milky Way and Andromeda are [[Andromeda–Milky Way collision|expected to collide]] in 3.75 billion years, eventually merging to form a giant [[elliptical galaxy]] <ref name="milky-way-collide" /> or perhaps a large [[disk galaxy]].<ref name="Ueda2014">{{cite journal
The Andromeda Galaxy is estimated to be 1.5{{e|12}} [[solar mass]]es,<ref name="Jorge Peñarrubia2014"/> while the mass of the Milky Way is estimated to be 8.5{{e|11}} solar masses. In comparison, a 2009 study estimated that the Milky Way and M31 are about equal in mass,<ref name="CfA" /> while a 2006 study put the mass of the Milky Way at ~80% of the mass of the Andromeda Galaxy. The Milky Way and Andromeda are [[Andromeda–Milky Way collision|expected to collide]] in 3.75 billion years, eventually merging to form a giant [[elliptical galaxy]] <ref name="milky-way-collide" /> or perhaps a large [[disk galaxy]].<ref name="Ueda2014">{{cite journal
Linje 482: Linje 474:
| doi = 10.1007/s10511-006-0002-6
| doi = 10.1007/s10511-006-0002-6
}}
}}
</ref><!--
</ref>


<ref name="trillion-stars">
<ref name="trillion-stars">
{{cite web
{{Kilde www
| last = Young
| forfatter = Young, K.
| first = K.
| dato = 2006-06-06
⚫
| tittel = The Andromeda galaxy hosts a trillion stars
| date = June 6, 2006
⚫
| title = The Andromeda galaxy hosts a trillion stars
| url = http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn9282-andromeda-galaxy-hosts-a-trillion-stars.html
| url = http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn9282-andromeda-galaxy-hosts-a-trillion-stars.html
| publisher = [[New Scientist]]
| utgiver = [[New Scientist]]
| accessdate = 2014-10-06
| besøksdato = 2014-10-06
}}
}}
</ref>-->
</ref>


<ref name="karachentsevetal2004">
<ref name="karachentsevetal2004">
Linje 1 054: Linje 1 045:
| display-authors = 1
| display-authors = 1
}}
}}
</ref>
</ref>-->


<ref name="Chapman et al 2006">
<ref name="Chapman et al 2006">
{{Kilde artikkel
{{cite journal
| forfatter = Chapman, S.C.; Ibata, R.; Lewis, G.F.; Ferguson, A.M.N.; Irwin, M.; McConnachie, A.; Tanvir, N.
| last = Chapman
| first = S. C.
| år = 2006
⚫
| tittel = A kinematically selected, metal-poor spheroid in the outskirts of M31
| date = 2006
⚫
| publikasjon = Astrophysical Journal
⚫
| title = A kinematically selected, metal-poor spheroid in the outskirts of M31
| bind = 653
⚫
| journal = [[Astrophysical Journal]]
| volume = 653
| nummer = 1
| issue = 1
| side = 255
| pages = 255
| arxiv = astro-ph/0602604
| arxiv = astro-ph/0602604
| doi = 10.1086/508599
| doi = 10.1086/508599
| bibcode = 2006ApJ...653..255C
| bibcode = 2006ApJ...653..255C
}}<br />Se også pressemelding,
| last2 = Ibata
{{Kilde pressemelding
| first2 = R.
⚫
| utgiver = [[Caltech|Caltech Media Relations]]
| last3 = Lewis
| first3 = G. F.
| dato = 2006-02-27
⚫
| tittel = Andromeda's Stellar Halo Shows Galaxy's Origin to Be Similar to That of Milky Way
| last4 = Ferguson
| first4 = A. M. N.
| last5 = Irwin
| first5 = M.
| last6 = McConnachie
| first6 = A.
| last7 = Tanvir
| first7 = N.
| display-authors = 1
}} Also see the press release,
{{cite press release
⚫
| publisher = [[Caltech|Caltech Media Relations]]
| date = February 27, 2006
⚫
| title = Andromeda's Stellar Halo Shows Galaxy's Origin to Be Similar to That of Milky Way
| url = http://pr.caltech.edu/media/Press_Releases/PR12801.html
| url = http://pr.caltech.edu/media/Press_Releases/PR12801.html
| accessdate = 2006-05-24
| besøksdato = 2006-05-24
| archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20060509072644/http://pr.caltech.edu/media/Press_Releases/PR12801.html
| arkiv_url = http://web.archive.org/web/20060509072644/http://pr.caltech.edu/media/Press_Releases/PR12801.html
| archivedate = 9 May 2006
| arkivdato = 2006-05-09
| deadurl = no
}}
}}
</ref>
</ref>

<ref name="Jorge Peñarrubia2014">
{{Kilde artikkel
⚫
| forfatter = Jorge Peñarrubia, Yin-Zhe Ma, Matthew G. Walker, Alan McConnachie
⚫
| tittel = A dynamical model of the local cosmic expansion
⚫
| publikasjon = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
| bind = 433
| nummer = 3
⚫
| side = 2204–2022
⚫
| bibcode = 2014MNRAS.443.2204P
| doi= 10.1093/mnras/stu879|arxiv = 1405.0306
}}
</ref><!--


<ref name="UC Santa Cruz 2001">
<ref name="UC Santa Cruz 2001">

Sideversjonen fra 30. aug. 2015 kl. 22:59

Andromedagalaksen

Andromedagalaksen
Observasjonsdata
Epoke J2000
StjernebildeAndromeda
Rektascensjon00t 42m 44.3s[1]
Deklinasjon+41° 16′ 9″[1]
Rødforskyvning−0.001001[a][1]
Radialhastighet−301 ± 1 km/s[2]
Avstand2,54 ± 0,11 Mly
(778 ± 33 kpc)[2][3][4][5][6][b]
TypeSA(s)b[1]
Masse~1.5×1012[9]
Størrelse~220 kly (diameter)[10] ly
Antall stjerner1 billion (1012)[11]
Tilsynelatende dimensjoner (V)190′ × 60′[1]
Andre betegnelser
M31, NGC 224, UGC 454, PGC 2557, 2C 56 (Core),[1] CGCG 535-17, MCG +07-02-016, IRAS 00400+4059, 2MASX J00424433+4116074, GC 116, h 50, Bode 3, Flamsteed 58, Hevelius 32, Ha 3.3, IRC +40013

Andromedagalaksen er en spiralgalakse omtrent 780 kiloparsec (2,5 millioner lysår; 2,4×1019 km) fra jorden.[4] Galaksen går også under navnene Messier 31, M31 eller NGC 224, og omtales ofte som Den store andromedatåken i eldre tekster. Av de større galaksene er Andromedagalaksen den som ligger nærmest vår egen Melkeveien. Navnet kommer fra området på himmelen den befinner seg i – Andromeda, som ble oppkalt etter den mytologiske prinsessen Andromeda. Galaksen er den største galaksen i den lokale gruppen, som også inneholder Melkeveien, Triangelgalaksen og rundt 44 andre mindre galakser.

Fotnoter

  1. ^ Minustegn indikerer blåforskyvning
  2. ^ gjennomsnittlig(787 ± 18, 770 ± 40, 772 ± 44, 783 ± 25) = ((787 + 770 + 772 + 783) / 4) ± (182 + 402 + 442 + 252)0.5 / 2 = 778 ± 33.
  3. ^ Blå absolutt størrelsesklasse på −20.89 – fargeindeks på 0.63 = −21.52

Referanser

  1. ^ a b c d e f «Results for Messier 31». NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. NASA/IPAC. Besøkt 1. november 2006. 
  2. ^ a b Karachentsev, I.D.; Kashibadze, O.G. (2006). «Masses of the local group and of the M81 group estimated from distortions in the local velocity field». Astrophysics. 49 (1): 3–18. Bibcode:2006Ap.....49....3K. doi:10.1007/s10511-006-0002-6. 
  3. ^ Karachentsev, I.D.; Karachentseva, Valentina E.; Huchtmeier, Walter K.; Makarov, Dmitry I. (2004). «A Catalog of Neighboring Galaxies». Astronomical Journal. 127 (4): 2031–2068. Bibcode:2004AJ....127.2031K. doi:10.1086/382905. 
  4. ^ a b c Ribas, I.; Jordi, Carme; Vilardell, Francesc; Fitzpatrick, Edward L.; Hilditch, Ron W.; Guinan, Edward F. (2005). «First Determination of the Distance and Fundamental Properties of an Eclipsing Binary in the Andromeda Galaxy». Astrophysical Journal Letters. 635 (1): L37–L40. Bibcode:2005ApJ...635L..37R. arXiv:astro-ph/0511045 Åpent tilgjengelig. doi:10.1086/499161. 
  5. ^ McConnachie, A. W.; Irwin, M.J.; Ferguson, A.M.N.; Ibata, R.A.; Lewis, G.F.; Tanvir, N. (2005). «Distances and metallicities for 17 Local Group galaxies». Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 356 (4): 979–997. Bibcode:2005MNRAS.356..979M. arXiv:astro-ph/0410489 Åpent tilgjengelig. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.08514.x. 
  6. ^ Jensen, J.B.; Tonry, John L.; Barris, Brian J.; Thompson, Rodger I.; Liu, Michael C.; Rieke, Marcia J.; Ajhar, Edward A.; Blakeslee, John P. (2003). «Measuring Distances and Probing the Unresolved Stellar Populations of Galaxies Using Infrared Surface Brightness Fluctuations». Astrophysical Journal. 583 (2): 712–726. Bibcode:2003ApJ...583..712J. arXiv:astro-ph/0210129 Åpent tilgjengelig. doi:10.1086/345430. 
  7. ^ «SIMBAD-M31». SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Besøkt 29. november 2009. 
  8. ^ Armando, G.P.; Boissier, Samuel; Madore, Barry F.; Seibert, Mark; Joe, Young H.; Boselli, Alessandro; Wyder, Ted K.; Thilker, David; Bianchi, Luciana; Rey, Soo‐Chang; Rich, R. Michael; Barlow, Tom A.; Conrow, Tim; Forster, Karl; Friedman, Peter G.; Martin, D. Christopher; Morrissey, Patrick; Neff, Susan G.; Schiminovich, David; Small, Todd; Donas, Jose; Heckman, Timothy M.; Lee, Young‐Wook; Milliard, Bruno; Szalay, Alex S.; Yi, Sukyoung (2007). «The GALEX Ultraviolet Atlas of Nearby Galaxies». Astrophysical Journal. 173 (2): 185–255. Bibcode:2007ApJS..173..185G. arXiv:astro-ph/0606440 Åpent tilgjengelig. doi:10.1086/516636. 
  9. ^ Jorge Peñarrubia, Yin-Zhe Ma, Matthew G. Walker, Alan McConnachie. «A dynamical model of the local cosmic expansion». Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 433 (3): 2204–2022. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.443.2204P. arXiv:1405.0306 Åpent tilgjengelig. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu879. 
  10. ^ Chapman, S.C.; Ibata, R.; Lewis, G.F.; Ferguson, A.M.N.; Irwin, M.; McConnachie, A.; Tanvir, N. (2006). «A kinematically selected, metal-poor spheroid in the outskirts of M31». Astrophysical Journal. 653 (1): 255. Bibcode:2006ApJ...653..255C. arXiv:astro-ph/0602604 Åpent tilgjengelig. doi:10.1086/508599. 
    Se også pressemelding, «Andromeda's Stellar Halo Shows Galaxy's Origin to Be Similar to That of Milky Way» (pressemelding). Caltech Media Relations. 27. februar 2006. Arkivert fra originalen 9. mai 2006. Besøkt 24. mai 2006. 
  11. ^ Young, K. (6. juni 2006). «The Andromeda galaxy hosts a trillion stars». New Scientist. Besøkt 6. oktober 2014. 


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